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Crime and Punishment in America
Covering some of the most hotly contested topics in crime and criminal justice, including proposed sentencing and prison reforms, controversial developments like Stand Your Ground laws, and Supreme Court decisions, this work supplies essential background, current data, and a range of viewpoints on these important issues. * Provides readers with a thorough analysis of the most controversial topics in criminal justice that includes contributions from renowned scholars, activists, victim service providers, and other experts * Addresses current trends and problems in America's criminal justice system * Includes tables, graphs, and charts tracking the most important developments related to crime, sentencing, and the prison system
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Crime Classification Manual
A thorough revision of the landmark book that standardized the language, terminology, and classifications used throughout the criminal justice system, Crime Classification Manual, Third Edition now adds new coverage of areas affected by globalization and new technologies, as well as new crime scene examples and analyses. Coauthored by accomplished experts in the field, it is the definitive crime classification text for law enforcement personnel, mental health professionals, forensic scientists, and those whose work brings them into contact with either offenders or victims of violent crime.
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The Criminal Justice System
The Criminal Justice System, completely updated, covers the most important aspects of criminal justice in the United States. It details the commission and frequency of crimes through the investigation, apprehension, prosecution, and punishment of wrongdoers.
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DNA and the Criminal Justice System
Is DNA technology the ultimate diviner of guilt or the ultimate threat to civil liberties? Over the past decade, DNA has been used to exonerate hundreds and to convict thousands. Its expanded use over the coming decade promises to recalibrate significantly the balance between collective security and individual freedom. For example, it is possible that law enforcement DNA databases will expand to include millions of individuals not convicted of any crime. Moreover, depending on what rules govern access, such databases could also be used for purposes that range from determining paternity to assessing predispositions to certain diseases or behaviors. Thus the use of DNA technology will involve tough trade-offs between individual and societal interests. This book, written by a distinguished group of authors including U.S. Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer, explores the ethical, procedural, and economic challenges posed by the use of DNA evidence as well as future directions for the technology. After laying the conceptual historical, legal, and scientific groundwork for the debate, the book considers bioethical issues raised by the collection of DNA, including the question of control over DNA databases. The authors then turn to the possible genetic bases of human behavior and the implications of this still-unresolved issue for the criminal justice system. Finally, the book examines the current debate over the many roles that DNA can and should play in criminal justice.
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Ethics and Criminal Justice
This textbook looks at the main ethical questions that confront the criminal justice system - legislature, law enforcement, courts, and corrections - and those who work within that system, especially police officers, prosecutors, defence lawyers, judges, juries, and prison officers. John Kleinig sets the issues in the context of a liberal democratic society and its ethical and legislative underpinnings, and illustrates them with a wide and international range of real-life case studies. Topics covered include discretion, capital punishment, terrorism, restorative justice, and re-entry. Kleinig's discussion is both philosophically acute and grounded in institutional realities, and will enable students to engage productively with the ethical questions which they encounter both now and in the future - whether as criminal justice professionals or as reflective citizens.
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Explaining Crime : A Primer in Criminological Theory
This book provides a concise but comprehensive review of the full range of classic and contemporary theories of crime. With separate chapters on the nature and use of criminological theory as well as theoretical application, the authors render the difficult task of explaining crime more understandable to the introductory student. All of the main theories in criminology are reviewed including classical and rational choice, biological, psychological, and evolutionary, social structural, social process, critical, general, and integrated approaches. Copious examples of the spirit of the theories are supplied, many with a popular culture (e.g., film and music) connection.
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The Handbook of Criminology of Terrorism
The Handbook of the Criminology of Terrorism features a collection of essays that represent the most recent criminological research relating to the origins and evolution of, along with responses to, terrorism, from a criminological perspective. Offers an authoritative overview of the latest criminological research into the causes of and responses to terrorism in today's world Covers broad themes that include terrorism's origins, theories, methodologies, types, relationship to other forms of crime, terrorism and the criminal justice system, ways to counter terrorism, and more Features original contributions from a group of international experts in the field Provides unique insights into the field through an exclusive focus on criminological conceptual frameworks and empirical studies that engage terrorism and responses to it
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Introduction to Criminology
A basic guide - written with newcomers, lay people and those working within the criminal justice field in mind. Acquaint yourself with some key strands of this literally enormous topic and how it interacts with real life situations by reading the chapters of this book as follows: 1. Introduction 2. Classicism 3. Positivism 4. Strain Theories 5. Control Theories 6. Gender, Subcultures, Labelling and Differential Association 7. Conflict and Radical Criminology 8. Victimology, Fear of Crime, Restorative Justice - and A Look at Some Statistics 9. Criminology: Aspects of Criminal Justice (Criminal Justice Models; Police, Policing and Law and Order; Public Disorder; Bail or Custody; Punishment and Sentencing; Prisons; Crime Prevention and Community Safety; White Collar Crime). Plus a brief Bibliography. Reviews 'Most helpful and readable . . . . fascinating and thought-provoking': The Magistrate
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Is America Really So Punitive? Exploring a Continuum of US State Criminal Justice Policies
Kutateladze explores variations in punitiveness among American states. He uses state punitiveness to refer to criminal justice policies that target suspects, defendants, convicts, inmates, and releasees. Based on the examination of 44 variables across 50 states and the four regions, into which these states were grouped, Florida emerged as the most punitive, and Maine as the least punitive. The study also suggests that the American South is highly punitive, the West and the Midwest moderately punitive, and the Northeast relatively non-punitive. The success of this method in measuring state punitiveness suggests that the instrument may be useful for both within-nation and between-nation comparisons.
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Negotiating Responsibility in the Criminal Justice System
These essays present a study of the issue of responsibility for actions in the criminal justice system. Attacking the problem on various levels, the contributors look at the assumptions made by institutions regarding offender responsibility, and then turn to the views of the offenders.
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Opinions Throughout History: Law Enforcement in America
This volume of Opinions Throughout History takes a look at the history and philosophy of policing in America from the vigilante slave catchers of the American South, to the first modern police departments of the Northeast, to the drug war of the 1980s and 1990s.
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Police and Law Enforcement
From its beginnings in England as a constabulary, intended only to keep the peace rather than to make arrests, policing has had a tumultuous, controversial history. The police represent an essential law enforcement entity to some, while others see police officers as often corrupt, prone to unfair racial profiling, and quick to use unnecessary force. Police and Law Enforcement examines many aspects of policing in society, including their common duties, legal regulations on those duties, problematic policing practices, and alternatives to traditional policing. Topics in this volume include such hotly debated topics as accountability, arrest practices, bounty hunters, entrapment, Miranda warnings, police privatization, profiling, vigilantes, and zero-tolerance policing. The 20 chapters present the most hotly contested debates and offer solutions to potential and perceived problems. The Series: The five brief, issues-based books in SAGE Reference′s Key Issues in Crime & Punishment Series offer examinations of controversial programs, practices, problems or issues from varied perspectives. Volumes correspond to the five central subfields in the Criminal Justice curriculum: Crime & Criminal Behavior, Policing, The Courts, Corrections, and Juvenile Justice. Each volume consists of approximately 20 chapters offering succinct pron examinations, and Recommended Readings conclude each chapter, highlighting different approaches to or perspectives on the issue at hand. As a set, these volumes provide perfect reference support for students writing position papers in undergraduate courses spanning the Criminal Justice curriculum.
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Police Brutality, Racial Profiling, and Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System
In order to protect and defend citizens, the foundational concepts of fairness and equality must be adhered to within any criminal justice system. When this is not the case, accountability of authorities should be pursued to maintain the integrity and pursuit of justice. Police Brutality, Racial Profiling, and Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System is an authoritative reference source for the latest scholarly material on social problems involving victimization of minorities and police accountability. Presenting relevant perspectives on a global and cross-cultural scale, this book is ideally designed for researchers, professionals, upper-level students, and practitioners involved in the fields of criminal justice and corrections.
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The Police in a Free Society
An unprecedented look at the evolution of American police from filling their intended role as peacekeepers and guardians of citizen rights to calling themselves--and acting primarily as--"law enforcement officers." * Reveals realities and myths about the police in America, their role in our society, and what can--and can't--be done to improve relations and public confidence in our police * Provides an unbiased examination that presents BOTH sides of the issues and represents the perspectives and responsibilities of the police alongside those of the citizens they serve * Enables readers to see the evolution of police over time and grasp the various positions in the debate about the proper role of police in modern society * Presents solutions to the widespread problem of eroding respect for police agencies, discussing the issue in the broader context of how government and culture play key roles in ensuring that police agencies are competent and trustworthy
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Prisons in the United States
Offering perspectives from a range of experts, both academic and nonacademic, this reference book examines the development of prisons in the United States and addresses the principal contemporary issues and controversies of our prisons and prison systems. * Presents a comprehensive yet succinct history of the development of men's and women's prisons in the United States * Offers a range of author perspectives that identify and explore the principal issues associated with prisons and imprisonment * Documents the shift from an intent to reform inmates in prisons to retribution and an attempt to remove all criminals from society, using prisons for "warehousing" of undesired elements * Provides a complete reference guide for the understanding of prisons and imprisonment as a punishment
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Profiling and Criminal Justice in America
An unbiased examination of profiling in the criminal justice system--one of the most hotly contested public policy issues--on the streets, in the courts, and in the jails and prisons of America. * Presents essays from scholars in the field on both sides of the debate to provide fair and objective information that allow readers to consider the interests of equality and fairness on one side versus public safety and crime fighting on the other * Examines profiling along a wide range of variables--race, religion, gender, and sexual orientation--rather than addressing only racial profiling * Covers more recent events in profiling such as Arizona SB 1070, the "Stop and Frisk" policy in New York City, and the TSA's profiling of Muslims as well as older cases such as Whren vs. United States * Provides summaries and analyses of key court cases relating to the permissibility and impermissibility of profiling
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Speaking of Crime : The Language of Criminal Justice
Why do so many people voluntarily consent to searches by have the police search their person or vehicle when they know that they are carrying contraband or evidence of illegal activity? Does everyone understand the "Miranda" warning? How well can people recognize a voice on tape? Can linguistic experts identify who wrote an anonymous threatening letter? "Speaking of Crime" answers these questions and examines the complex role of language within our criminal justice system. Lawrence M. Solan and Peter M. Tiersma compile numerous cases, ranging from the Lindbergh kidnapping to the impeachment trial of Bill Clinton to the JonBen(r)t Ramsey case, that provide real-life examples of how language functions in arrests, investigations, interrogations, confessions, and trials. In a clear and accessible style, Solan and Tiersma show how recent advances in the study of language can aid in understanding how legal problems arise and how they might be solved. With compelling discussions current issues and controversies, this book is a provocative state-of-the-art survey that will be of enormous value to legal scholars and professionals throughout the criminal justice system.
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The Use and Abuse of Police Power in America
Providing a timely and much-needed investigation of how U.S. law enforcement carries out its public safety and crime fighting mandates, this book is an invaluable resource for students, educators, and concerned citizens. * Provides a single-volume, go-to source for insight into police-citizen relations in the United States, from the 17th century through to today * Documents major turning points and historical events influencing the evolution of police power * Provides both supportive and critical perspectives on contemporary trends in law enforcement activities, attitudes, and practices * Enables a fuller comprehension of law enforcement in an era of significant political and social upheaval, much of which is tied to racial, ethnic, or economic factors